{"id":82,"date":"2022-04-03T12:31:55","date_gmt":"2022-04-03T12:31:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/drepneauaneagra.ro\/?page_id=82"},"modified":"2022-05-15T20:11:29","modified_gmt":"2022-05-15T20:11:29","slug":"istoric-denumire-drepnea","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/drepneauaneagra.ro\/?page_id=82","title":{"rendered":"Istoric denumire drepnea"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"82\" class=\"elementor elementor-82\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1624c50 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"1624c50\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5edca4d\" data-id=\"5edca4d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a68bd5c elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"a68bd5c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8256c7f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8256c7f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Istoric denumire \"drepnea neagr\u0103\"<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-14a1dce elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"14a1dce\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-627bd57 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"627bd57\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Denumiri <\/strong>:<\/p><ul style=\"list-style-type: square;\"><li>drepneua , drep\u0103nea, drepneau\u0103, dr\u0103pnea (\u00eenvechite);<\/li><li>l\u0103stun mare, l\u0103stun negru (pop);<\/li><li>r\u00e2ndunic\u0103-de-ploaie, r\u00e2ndunic\u0103-de-ziduri, r\u00e2ndunic\u0103-de-turn, r\u00e2ndunic\u0103-de-munte, r\u00e2ndunic\u0103-de-p\u0103dure,r\u00e2ndunica-de-biseric\u0103 (regional);<\/li><li><strong>drepnea neagr\u0103<\/strong><strong> (actual).<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><strong>Denumiri\u00a0 folosite \u00een literatura de specialitate de-a lungul timpului<\/strong>: cipsel, dr\u0103pnea, l\u0103stun, l\u0103stun negru, l\u0103stun mare, drepnea, la un moment dat coexistau dou\u0103 denumiri &#8211; drepnea mic\u0103 \u015fi drepnea neagr\u0103.<\/p><p><strong>Denumirea actual\u0103<\/strong>: drepnea neagr\u0103.<\/p><p><strong>Denumiri \u015ftiin\u0163ifice \u00eenvechite<\/strong>: <em>Hirundo apus<\/em>, <em>Micropus murarius<\/em>, <em>Micropus apus<\/em>, <em>Cypselus murarius<\/em>, <em>Cypselus niger<\/em>, <em>Apus murarius<\/em>, <em>Cypselus turrium<\/em>, <em>Cypselus apus niger<\/em>, <em>Cypselus apus,<\/em> etc<\/p><p><strong>Denumirea \u015ftiin\u0163ific\u0103 actual\u0103<\/strong> :<em> Apus apus<\/em><em>.<\/em><\/p><p>Pentru a elimina cuvinte str\u0103ine cum ar fi crea\u0163ia lui Cihak &#8222;\u0163ipsel&#8221; (1), provenit\u0103 din denumirea \u015ftiin\u0163ific\u0103 folosit\u0103 atunci <em>Cypselus <\/em>(<em>apus<\/em>), folcloristul Simeon Fl. Marian \u00een a sa &#8222;Ornitologie popular\u0103 rom\u00e2n\u0103&#8221; 1883 (2) a g\u0103sit cuv\u00e2ntul rom\u00e2nesc pentru identificarea acestei specii, \u015fi anume<strong> &#8221; drepneua&#8221;, <\/strong>\u00eenvechit. Pentru <em>Cypselus apus <\/em>&#8211; cipsel, \u0163ipsel (vezi Cihak de mai sus) &#8222;rom\u00e2nii din Bucovina&#8221; au ca nume <strong>&#8222;<\/strong><strong>drepnea<\/strong><strong>&#8222;<\/strong><strong>, <\/strong><strong>&#8222;<\/strong><strong>drepnele<\/strong><strong>&#8222;<\/strong><strong>, <\/strong>sau &#8222;r\u00e2ndunica-de-ploaie&#8221;, &#8222;l\u0103stunu-mare&#8221; (\u00een text este dat\u0103 \u015fi denumirea \u00een germ. Maueroder, Thurmsegler, Turmschwalbe).<\/p><p>Precuv\u00e2ntare (de autor): &#8221; S\u0103 lu\u0103m numai o botanic\u0103 sau o zoologie rom\u00e2neasc\u0103 \u00een m\u00e2n\u0103 \u015fi vom afla ni\u015fte numiri de plante, animale, paseri care de care mai curioase \u015fi mai vecinic ne\u00een\u0163elese, pe c\u00e2nd \u00een popor exist\u0103 numiri a\u015fa frumoase, precise \u015fi poetice. Cunosc\u00e2nd aceast\u0103 lips\u0103, am adunat deocamdat\u0103 numele de paseri ce le-am aflat p\u00e2n\u0103 acuma la popor, am adunat legende, datinele, credin\u0163ele \u015fi c\u00e2ntecele ce le are poporul despre paseri \u015fi le scot acuma la lumin\u0103 sub numele de Ornitologia poporan\u0103 rom\u00e2n\u0103. August 1883&#8221; (3)<\/p><p>La 1903 Ritter Robert von Dombrowski \u00een &#8222;Materialen zu einer ornis rumaniens &#8221; are pentru <em>Cypselus apus <\/em>denumirile rom\u00e2ne\u015fti &#8222;l\u0103stun mare&#8221;, <strong>&#8222;dr\u0103pea&#8221; <\/strong>(se crede ca &#8222;dr\u0103pea&#8221; este de fapt transcriere gre\u015fit\u0103 a cuv\u00e2ntului<strong> dr\u0103pnea<\/strong>)(4).<\/p><p>Tot Dombrowski \u00een a sa &#8222;Ornis Romaniae&#8221; de la 1912, lucrare scris\u0103 \u00een limba german\u0103, tradus\u0103 \u015fi completat\u0103 mai t\u00e2rziu de D. Lin\u0163ia, are un capitol \u00eentreg despre subordinul <em>Cypseli<\/em> (denumire \u015ftiin\u0163ific\u0103 \u00eenvechit\u0103), fam. <em>Cypselidae<\/em>, \u00een care face o list\u0103 \u00eentreag\u0103 despre denumirile folosite pentru aceast\u0103 subspecie &#8222;<em>Cypselus apus<\/em>&#8222;.<\/p><p>La denumiri \u00een limba rom\u00e2n\u0103 avem aici &#8222;l\u0103stun mare&#8221;,<strong> &#8222;dr\u0103pea&#8221;<\/strong>, ca \u00een edi\u0163ia din 1903, &#8222;l\u0103stun negru&#8221; (5).<\/p><p>\u015ei la Ion P. Licherdopol \u00een cele dou\u0103 lucr\u0103ri ornitologice studiate se reg\u0103se\u015fte denumirea &#8222;drepnea&#8221;; \u00a0\u00een &#8222;Despre ornitologia rom\u00e2n\u0103&#8221; 1903 (6) avem pentru <em>Apus apus L. (Cypselus apus)<\/em> &#8211;<strong> Drepnea<\/strong>, L\u0103stun-de-mare, L\u0103stun-de-ap\u0103, R\u00e2ndunic\u0103-de-ploaie. \u00cen &#8222;Ornitologia rom\u00e2n\u0103&#8221; (7) de la 1906 la Fam.<em> Cypselidae, <\/em>Gen<em> Apus Scopoli 61,<\/em> 1.<em> Apus apus <\/em>L.- <strong>Drepnea<\/strong>, Martinet noir, Mauer-Segler. La acest autor, \u00een ambele lucr\u0103ri, apare pentru prima dat\u0103 \u00een c\u0103r\u0163ile ornitologice studiate, denumirea \u015ftiin\u0163ific\u0103 <em>Apus apus<\/em>, \u00eens\u0103 subspecia este trecut\u0103 la fam. <em>Cypselidae<\/em>, Ord. <em>Strisores<\/em>.<\/p><p>Denumirea de &#8222;drepnea&#8221; reapare \u00een lucrarea &#8222;Ornis Romaniae&#8221; a lui Dombrowski, tradus\u0103 \u015fi completat\u0103 de Dionisie Lin\u0163ia, 2 volume, \u00een 1946 \u015fi 1954. Conform acesteia apar urm\u0103toarele denumiri rom\u00e2ne\u015fti: <strong>Drepnea<\/strong>, <strong>Drepneau\u0103<\/strong>, L\u0103stun mare, L\u0103stun negru, <strong>Dr\u0103pnea<\/strong> (8). Apare \u015fi aici denumirea \u015ftiin\u0163ific\u0103 <em>Apus apus<\/em>, \u00eens\u0103 la Ord. <em>Cypseli<\/em>.<\/p><p>Denumirea actual\u0103 a speciei <em>Apus apus<\/em> \u00een limba rom\u00e2n\u0103 apare pentru prima dat\u0103 la Victor Ciochia, \u00een 1976 (9): ord.<em> Apodiformes<\/em>, fam. <em>Apodidae, Apus apus a<\/em>. (L) <strong>Drepnea neagr\u0103.<\/strong><\/p><p>La Dimitrie Radu \u00eent\u00e2lnim denumirea de &#8222;<strong>drepnea mic\u0103<\/strong>&#8222;, \u00een trei lucr\u0103ri: &#8222;P\u0103s\u0103rile lumii&#8221; din 1977 (10), &#8222;P\u0103s\u0103rile din Delta Dun\u0103rii&#8221; din 1979 (11) \u015fi &#8222;Mic atlas ornitologic&#8221; din 1983 (12).<\/p><p>A\u015fadar avem pentru aceast\u0103 perioad\u0103 dou\u0103 denumiri folosite pentru <em>Apus apus<\/em>, &#8222;<strong>drepnea neagr\u0103<\/strong>&#8221; la V. Ciochia \u015fi &#8222;<strong>drepnea mic\u0103<\/strong>&#8221; la D. Radu. Pentru <em>Apus melba<\/em> ambii autori folosesc denumirea de &#8222;<strong>drepnea mare<\/strong>&#8222;.<\/p><p>\u00cen 1984 dateaz\u0103 dou\u0103 lucr\u0103ri ale autorilor mai sus-cita\u0163i, \u015fi avem iar situa\u0163ia coexist\u0103rii a dou\u0103 nume ale aceleia\u015fi specii: &#8222;drepnea mic\u0103&#8221; (13) la D. Radu \u015fi &#8222;<strong>drepnea neagr\u0103&#8221;<\/strong> la V.Ciochia(14).<\/p><p>Astfel denumirea de <strong>&#8221;drepnea neagr\u0103&#8221; <\/strong>se va \u00eemp\u0103m\u00e2nteni \u00een lucr\u0103rile de specialitate (de\u015fi \u00een anumite lucr\u0103ri apare numai denumirea de &#8221; drepnea&#8221; pentru <em>Apus apus <\/em>&#8211; vezi Concluzie studii ornitologice).<\/p><p>\u00cen &#8221;Atlasul p\u0103s\u0103rilor clocitoare din Rom\u00e2nia&#8221;, coord. Dan Munteanu, Peter Weber, Aurel Papadopol, lucrare care cuprinde ariile de r\u0103sp\u00e2ndire a p\u0103s\u0103rilor clocitoare din Rom\u00e2nia avem pentru Apus apus &#8211; <strong>Drepneaua neagr\u0103 <\/strong>(Mauersegler)(15). \u00cen Edi\u0163ia a IIa a aceleia\u015fi lucr\u0103ri avem aceea\u015fi denumire de &#8221;<strong>drepnea neagr\u0103&#8221;<\/strong> <em>Apus apus <\/em>(16).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-afa4eb1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"afa4eb1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">De unde denumirea de ''drepnea''?<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dbbb226 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dbbb226\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>&#8221;Drepnea&#8221; \u00ee\u015fi are originea din diminutivul &#8221;drepanella&#8221;: drep\u0103nea&lt; lat. &#8221;drepanella&#8221;, diminutiv al lat. &#8221;drepanis&#8221;.<\/p><p>drepnea = pas\u0103re asem\u0103n\u0103toare cu r\u00eendunica, cu penele de culoare cafenie \u015fi g\u00eet alb (<em>Cypselus apus)<\/em>, probabil din &#8222;drep\u0103nea\u2019\u2019 idem lat. &#8222;drepanella&#8221;, diminutiv al lui &#8222;drepanis&#8221; (drep\u0103nea&lt;drepanella&lt;drepanis) (17).<\/p><p>Not\u0103: Conform studiilor etimologice (vezi mai jos), la origine cuv\u00e2ntul este de fapt grecesc, dar a fost preluat \u00een limba noastr\u0103 din latin\u0103: astfel &#8221;drepanis&#8221; \u2013 grc. \u03b4\u03c1\u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u1f77\u03c2, este nume dat p\u0103s\u0103rii dup\u0103 forma de secer\u0103 a aripilor sale, \u201epas\u0103rea-secer\u0103\u2019\u2019.<\/p><p><em>*Mul\u021bumim Ulrich Tigges (commonswift.org) pentru informa\u021biile suplimentare: &#8222;Drepanis&#8221;, \u00een greac\u0103 <strong>\u03b4\u03c1\u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u1f77\u03c2<\/strong><strong> (secer\u0103, pas\u0103rea secer\u0103), este denumire folosit\u0103 pentru drepnele, o specie total diferit\u0103 de Hirundinidae, a\u015fa cum precizeaz\u0103 Vasile cel Mare \u00een Hexaemeron\u00a0 (&#8222;<\/strong><strong>Omilia\u00a0 VIII, cpt. 2., Despre p\u0103s\u0103rile s\u0103lbatice&#8221;).<\/strong><\/em><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>De\u015fi este o specie aparte, confuzia cu r\u00e2ndunica \u015fi l\u0103stunul se men\u0163ine \u015fi ast\u0103zi, \u015fi ca nume \u015fi ca specie. Acest fenomen nu este izolat ci \u00eent\u00e2lnit aproape peste tot, numele drepnelei (negre) fiind la origine \u00een mai toate limbile din \u0163\u0103rile \u00een care cuib\u0103re\u015fte format prin compunerea cu subst. &#8221;r\u00e2ndunic\u0103&#8221; sau &#8221;l\u0103stun&#8221;.<\/p><p>Denumirea de &#8221;drepnea&#8221; are o istorie aparte, cum este pas\u0103rea a\u015fa \u00eei este \u015fi numele.<\/p><p>Dovezile lingvistice cu privire la originea acestui nume sunt un indiciu important \u00een a afirma c\u0103 aceast\u0103 specie cuib\u0103re\u015fte pe teritoriul nostru, \u00een a\u015fez\u0103ri umane, din timpuri str\u0103vechi. Dac\u0103 britanicii se m\u00e2ndresc cu drepneaua neagr\u0103 (common swift) care este prezent\u0103 \u00een a\u015fez\u0103rile umane din timpul romanilor, noi o putem situa mai departe \u00een istorie, \u00eenainte de colonizarea roman\u0103, cuib\u0103rind \u00een construc\u0163iile dacice \u00eenalte din piatr\u0103 \u015fi lemn.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2074ed3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2074ed3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Studii etimologice ale cuv\u00e2ntului \"drepnea\"<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2ddf332 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2ddf332\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>De regul\u0103, atunci c\u00e2nd vine vorba despre etimologia cuv\u00e2ntului &#8222;drepnea&#8221;, de\u015fi mai toate dic\u0163ionarele indic\u0103 originea latin\u0103 a cuv\u00e2ntului, uneori se precizeaz\u0103 c\u0103 la origine cuv\u00e2ntul este de fapt grecesc (ca vine de fapt din grecescul &#8222;drepanis&#8221;) cum ar fi lucrarea (18) conform c\u0103reia rom\u00e2nescul &#8222;drepnea&#8221;, mauerschwalbe este &#8221;drepanisul&#8221; grecesc.<\/p><p>Astfel Al. Rosetti \u00een cele dou\u0103 edi\u0163ii ale lucr\u0103rii &#8222;Istoria limbii rom\u00e2ne de la origini p\u00e2n\u0103-n sec. XVII&#8221; (19), confirm\u0103 originea latin\u0103 a cuv\u00e2ntului drepnea: drepnea- s.f (Bucovina) grand martinet (zool): drepnanella &lt; drepanis &#8222;hirondelle de murailles, DE, 516<\/p><p>Forma rom\u00e2neasc\u0103 reproduce forma fonetic\u0103 a termenului latin, \u015fi nu e deci \u00eemprumutat\u0103 direct din grece\u015fte (Rohlfs, ASNS), aceea\u015fi defini\u0163ie este repetat\u0103 \u00een a doua edi\u0163ie a studiului (20).<\/p><p>Colectivul Academiei rom\u00e2ne Al. Rosetti, I.Coteanu, Al.Graur, I.Iordan, M.Avram, D.Macrea \u00een studiul &#8222;Istoria limbii rom\u00e2ne&#8221; (21), enumer\u0103 cuv\u00e2ntul &#8222;drepnea&#8221; printre cuvintele de origine latin\u0103; astfel potrivit acestei lucr\u0103ri, indiferent dac\u0103 la origine cuv\u00e2ntul a fost grec (drepanis), odat\u0103 ce a fost preluat de limba noastr\u0103 din latin\u0103, este considerat cuv\u00e2nt de origine latin\u0103. Cuv\u00e2ntul &#8222;drepnea&#8221; face parte, de altfel, din categoria cuvintelor din latin\u0103 care s-au p\u0103strat numai \u00een limba rom\u00e2n\u0103.<\/p><p>Aceast\u0103 concluzie este reluat\u0103 \u00een edi\u0163ia definitiv\u0103 a studiului lui Al. Rosetti &#8222;Istoria limbii rom\u00e2ne de la origini p\u00e2n\u0103 la \u00eenceputul sec. al XVII-lea&#8221; (22):<\/p><p>&#8222;Vocabularul &#8211; Termeni p\u0103stra\u0163i numai \u00een lb rom\u00e2n\u0103.<\/p><p>\u00cen aceast\u0103 enumerare nu au intrat termenii care figureaz\u0103 \u00een lb. rom\u00e2n\u0103 sub form\u0103 de derivate, pe c\u00e2nd celelalte limbi romanice au p\u0103strat forma lor originar\u0103 sau viceversa.<\/p><p>drepnea &#8211; s.f (Bucovina), &#8222;grand martinet&#8221;. (zool) drepanella, din drepanis, &#8222;hirondelle de murailles&#8221;, din grc. drepanis-martinet.<\/p><p>Forma rom\u00e2neasc\u0103 reproduce forma fonetic\u0103 a termenului latin, \u015fi nu e deci \u00eemprumutat\u0103 direct din grece\u015fte.&#8221;<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>Bibliografie:<\/p><ol style=\"list-style-type: decimal;\"><li>J. Ch. Czihak -Istoria natural\u0103, \u00eent\u00e2ia oar\u0103 \u00een limba rom\u00e2niasc\u0103 compus\u0103 de doctorul mede\u0163inei \u015fi cavaler Czihak, E\u015f\u00eei , 1837, pg. 90;<\/li><li>Simeon Fl. Marianu Membru al Academiei Rom\u00e2ne, &#8221;Ornitologia poporan\u0103 rom\u00e2n\u0103&#8221;, Tom I-II, Cern\u0103u\u0163i, Tipografia lui Eckhardt, 1883,Tom I, pg 70,71;<\/li><li>Marian, Simion Fl. &#8221;Legende despre flori, insecte \u015fi p\u0103s\u0103ri&#8221;, Ed Transpres, Sibiu, 1996;<\/li><li>Dombrowski, Ritter Robert von, Bulletin de la Societe des sciences de Bucharest-Roumanie, An XII, No 3 et 4, &#8222;Materialien zu einer ornis rumaniens&#8221;, Bucarest, Imprimerie de L&#8217;Etat, 1903,pg 319;<\/li><li>Dombrowski, Ritter Robert von, &#8222;Ornis Romaniae&#8221;, Die Vogelwelt Rumanien&#8217;s Systematich und Biologish-Geographisch Beschrieben, Bukarest, Staatsdruckerei, 1912, pg 355;<\/li><li>Ion P. Licherdopol &#8222;Despre Ornitologia rom\u00e2n\u0103&#8221;, Bucuresci, stabilimentul de Arte Grafice Albert Baer, 1903, pg 20;<\/li><li>Ion P. Licherdopol &#8221; Despre Ornitologia rom\u00e2n\u0103&#8221;, Bucuresci, stabilimentul de Arte Grafice Albert Baer, 1903, pg 20;<\/li><li>Ion P. Licherdopol, &#8222;Ornitologia rom\u00e2n\u0103&#8221;, Institutul de Arte Grafice &#8222;Carol Gobl&#8221;, Bucure\u015fti, 1906,pg 18;<\/li><li>Biblioteca Enciclopedic\u0103 Robert Ritter von Dombrowski &#8222;Ornis Romaniae&#8221;, traducere din limba german\u0103, prelucrare \u015fi completare de prof. Dionisie Lin\u0163ia, Funda\u0163ia regal\u0103 pentru literatur\u0103 \u015fi art\u0103, vol I, II, Cu 19 schi\u0163e, 42 fotocopii \u015fi 27 plan\u015fe colorate, Bucure\u015fti 1946 (vol I), 1954 (vol II), pg. 5,7,8;<\/li><li>Victor Ciochia \u015fi Aurel Negru\u0163iu, &#8222;Dinamica \u015fi migra\u0163ia popula\u0163iei de p\u0103s\u0103ri \u015fi de mamifere&#8221;, -\u00eendrum\u0103tor-, Ministerul Educa\u0163iei \u015fi \u00cenv\u0103\u0163\u0103m\u00e2ntului, Univ. Bra\u015fov, Facultatea de Silvicultur\u0103 \u015fi Exploat\u0103ri forestiere, vol I, 1976, pg 14, 17,118,119;<\/li><li>Dimitrie Radu &#8222;P\u0103s\u0103rile lumii&#8221;, Ed Albatros, Bucure\u015fti, 1977, pg 96, 97, 123;<\/li><li>Dimitrie Radu &#8222;P\u0103s\u0103rile din Delta Dun\u0103rii&#8221;, Ed Academiei RSR, Bucure\u015fti, 1979, pg 13, 40, 73, 74, 75, 77, 95, 114, 148, 149;<\/li><li>Dimitrie Radu &#8222;Mic atlas ornitologic&#8221;, Ed. Albatros 1983, pg 164, 165;<\/li><li>D. Radu &#8222;P\u0103s\u0103rile din peisajele Rom\u00e2niei&#8221;, Ed Sport-Turism, Bucure\u015fti, 1984, pg 51, 349;<\/li><li>Victor Ciochia, &#8222;Dinamica \u015fi migra\u0163ia p\u0103s\u0103rilor&#8221;, Ed. \u015etiin\u0163ific\u0103 \u015fi Enciclopedic\u0103, Bucure\u015fti, 1984, pg 21, 22, 25, 26, 65, 191, 192, 193;<\/li><li>&#8222;Atlasul provizoriu al p\u0103s\u0103rilor clocitoare din Rom\u00e2nia&#8221;, Publicatie S.O.R, coord. Dan Munteanu, Peter Weber, Aurel Papadopol, 1994 (edi\u0163ie bilingv\u0103 rom\u00e2n\u0103-german\u0103), pg 81;<\/li><li>Atlasul p\u0103s\u0103rilor clocitoare din Rom\u00e2nia, Edi\u0163ia a IIa, coord. Dan Munteanu, colaborare cu Aurel Papadopol \u015fi Peter Weber, Cluj-Napoca, 2002, Publica\u0163ie S.O.R, pg. 70;<\/li><li>DEX, Ed. Academiei R.S.R, Bucuresti, 1975, pg. 281;<\/li><li>1 Romanichen etymologisches worterbuch, con Meyer-Lubcke, Heideberg 1935, pg.248;<\/li><li>Al. Rosetti, Istoria limbii rom\u00e2ne de la origini p\u00e2n\u0103- sec XVII, Ed. pentru Literatur\u0103, 1968;<\/li><li>acela\u015fi autor, Istoria limbii rom\u00e2ne de la origini p\u00e2n\u0103- sec XVII, Ed. \u015etiin\u0163ific\u0103 \u015fi Enciclopedic\u0103, Buc., 1978, pg 191;<\/li><li>Istoria limbii rom\u00e2ne, Academia R.S.R, vol II, Al. Rosetti, I. Coteanu, Al. Graur, I. Iordan, M. Avram, D. Macrea, Ed. Academiei R.S.R, Bucure\u015fti, 1969 pg. 117, 118, 122, 151;<\/li><li>Al. Rosetti &#8222;Istoria limbii rom\u00e2ne de la origini p\u00e2n\u0103 la \u00eenceputul sec. al XVII-lea&#8221;, Edi\u0163ia definitiv\u0103, Ed. \u015etiin\u0163ific\u0103 \u015fi Enciclopedic\u0103, Bucure\u015fti, 1986, pg 171.<\/li><\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dcc9527 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"dcc9527\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Istoric denumire &#8222;drepnea neagr\u0103&#8221; Denumiri : drepneua , drep\u0103nea, drepneau\u0103, dr\u0103pnea (\u00eenvechite); l\u0103stun mare, l\u0103stun negru (pop); r\u00e2ndunic\u0103-de-ploaie, r\u00e2ndunic\u0103-de-ziduri, r\u00e2ndunic\u0103-de-turn, r\u00e2ndunic\u0103-de-munte, r\u00e2ndunic\u0103-de-p\u0103dure,r\u00e2ndunica-de-biseric\u0103 (regional); drepnea neagr\u0103 (actual). Denumiri&nbsp; folosite \u00een literatura de specialitate de-a lungul timpului: cipsel, dr\u0103pnea, l\u0103stun, l\u0103stun negru, l\u0103stun mare, drepnea, la un moment dat coexistau dou\u0103 denumiri &#8211; drepnea mic\u0103 \u015fi drepnea neagr\u0103. Denumirea actual\u0103: drepnea neagr\u0103. Denumiri \u015ftiin\u0163ifice \u00eenvechite: Hirundo apus, Micropus murarius, Micropus apus, Cypselus murarius, Cypselus niger, Apus murarius, Cypselus turrium, Cypselus apus niger, Cypselus apus, etc Denumirea \u015ftiin\u0163ific\u0103 actual\u0103 : Apus apus. Pentru a elimina cuvinte str\u0103ine cum ar fi crea\u0163ia lui Cihak &#8222;\u0163ipsel&#8221; (1), provenit\u0103 din denumirea \u015ftiin\u0163ific\u0103 folosit\u0103 atunci Cypselus (apus), folcloristul Simeon Fl. Marian \u00een a sa &#8222;Ornitologie popular\u0103 rom\u00e2n\u0103&#8221; 1883 (2) a g\u0103sit cuv\u00e2ntul rom\u00e2nesc pentru identificarea acestei specii, \u015fi anume &#8221; drepneua&#8221;, \u00eenvechit. Pentru Cypselus apus &#8211; cipsel, \u0163ipsel (vezi Cihak de mai sus) &#8222;rom\u00e2nii din Bucovina&#8221; au ca nume &#8222;drepnea&#8222;, &#8222;drepnele&#8222;, sau &#8222;r\u00e2ndunica-de-ploaie&#8221;, &#8222;l\u0103stunu-mare&#8221; (\u00een text este dat\u0103 \u015fi denumirea \u00een germ. Maueroder, Thurmsegler, Turmschwalbe). Precuv\u00e2ntare (de autor): &#8221; S\u0103 lu\u0103m numai o botanic\u0103 sau o zoologie rom\u00e2neasc\u0103 \u00een m\u00e2n\u0103 \u015fi vom afla ni\u015fte numiri de plante, animale, paseri care de care mai curioase \u015fi mai vecinic ne\u00een\u0163elese, pe c\u00e2nd \u00een popor exist\u0103 numiri a\u015fa frumoase, precise \u015fi poetice. Cunosc\u00e2nd aceast\u0103 lips\u0103, am adunat deocamdat\u0103 numele de paseri ce le-am aflat p\u00e2n\u0103 acuma la popor, am adunat legende, datinele, credin\u0163ele \u015fi c\u00e2ntecele ce le are poporul despre paseri \u015fi le scot acuma la lumin\u0103 sub numele de Ornitologia poporan\u0103 rom\u00e2n\u0103. August 1883&#8221; (3) La 1903 Ritter Robert von Dombrowski \u00een &#8222;Materialen zu einer ornis rumaniens &#8221; are pentru Cypselus apus denumirile rom\u00e2ne\u015fti &#8222;l\u0103stun mare&#8221;, &#8222;dr\u0103pea&#8221; (se crede ca &#8222;dr\u0103pea&#8221; este de fapt transcriere gre\u015fit\u0103 a cuv\u00e2ntului dr\u0103pnea)(4). Tot Dombrowski \u00een a sa &#8222;Ornis Romaniae&#8221; de la 1912, lucrare scris\u0103 \u00een limba german\u0103, tradus\u0103 \u015fi completat\u0103 mai t\u00e2rziu de D. Lin\u0163ia, are un capitol \u00eentreg despre subordinul Cypseli (denumire \u015ftiin\u0163ific\u0103 \u00eenvechit\u0103), fam. Cypselidae, \u00een care face o list\u0103 \u00eentreag\u0103 despre denumirile folosite pentru aceast\u0103 subspecie &#8222;Cypselus apus&#8222;. La denumiri \u00een limba rom\u00e2n\u0103 avem aici &#8222;l\u0103stun mare&#8221;, &#8222;dr\u0103pea&#8221;, ca \u00een edi\u0163ia din 1903, &#8222;l\u0103stun negru&#8221; (5). \u015ei la Ion P. Licherdopol \u00een cele dou\u0103 lucr\u0103ri ornitologice studiate se reg\u0103se\u015fte denumirea &#8222;drepnea&#8221;; &nbsp;\u00een &#8222;Despre ornitologia rom\u00e2n\u0103&#8221; 1903 (6) avem pentru Apus apus L. (Cypselus apus) &#8211; Drepnea, L\u0103stun-de-mare, L\u0103stun-de-ap\u0103, R\u00e2ndunic\u0103-de-ploaie. \u00cen &#8222;Ornitologia rom\u00e2n\u0103&#8221; (7) de la 1906 la Fam. Cypselidae, Gen Apus Scopoli 61, 1. Apus apus L.- Drepnea, Martinet noir, Mauer-Segler. La acest autor, \u00een ambele lucr\u0103ri, apare pentru prima dat\u0103 \u00een c\u0103r\u0163ile ornitologice studiate, denumirea \u015ftiin\u0163ific\u0103 Apus apus, \u00eens\u0103 subspecia este trecut\u0103 la fam. Cypselidae, Ord. Strisores. Denumirea de &#8222;drepnea&#8221; reapare \u00een lucrarea &#8222;Ornis Romaniae&#8221; a lui Dombrowski, tradus\u0103 \u015fi completat\u0103 de Dionisie Lin\u0163ia, 2 volume, \u00een 1946 \u015fi 1954. Conform acesteia apar urm\u0103toarele denumiri rom\u00e2ne\u015fti: Drepnea, Drepneau\u0103, L\u0103stun mare, L\u0103stun negru, Dr\u0103pnea (8). Apare \u015fi aici denumirea \u015ftiin\u0163ific\u0103 Apus apus, \u00eens\u0103 la Ord. Cypseli. Denumirea actual\u0103 a speciei Apus apus \u00een limba rom\u00e2n\u0103 apare pentru prima dat\u0103 la Victor Ciochia, \u00een 1976 (9): ord. Apodiformes, fam. Apodidae, Apus apus a. (L) Drepnea neagr\u0103. La Dimitrie Radu \u00eent\u00e2lnim denumirea de &#8222;drepnea mic\u0103&#8222;, \u00een trei lucr\u0103ri: &#8222;P\u0103s\u0103rile lumii&#8221; din 1977 (10), &#8222;P\u0103s\u0103rile din Delta Dun\u0103rii&#8221; din 1979 (11) \u015fi &#8222;Mic atlas ornitologic&#8221; din 1983 (12). A\u015fadar avem pentru aceast\u0103 perioad\u0103 dou\u0103 denumiri folosite pentru Apus apus, &#8222;drepnea neagr\u0103&#8221; la V. Ciochia \u015fi &#8222;drepnea mic\u0103&#8221; la D. Radu. Pentru Apus melba ambii autori folosesc denumirea de &#8222;drepnea mare&#8222;. \u00cen 1984 dateaz\u0103 dou\u0103 lucr\u0103ri ale autorilor mai sus-cita\u0163i, \u015fi avem iar situa\u0163ia coexist\u0103rii a dou\u0103 nume ale aceleia\u015fi specii: &#8222;drepnea mic\u0103&#8221; (13) la D. Radu \u015fi &#8222;drepnea neagr\u0103&#8221; la V.Ciochia(14). Astfel denumirea de &#8221;drepnea neagr\u0103&#8221; se va \u00eemp\u0103m\u00e2nteni \u00een lucr\u0103rile de specialitate (de\u015fi \u00een anumite lucr\u0103ri apare numai denumirea de &#8221; drepnea&#8221; pentru Apus apus &#8211; vezi Concluzie studii ornitologice). \u00cen &#8221;Atlasul p\u0103s\u0103rilor clocitoare din Rom\u00e2nia&#8221;, coord. Dan Munteanu, Peter Weber, Aurel Papadopol, lucrare care cuprinde ariile de r\u0103sp\u00e2ndire a p\u0103s\u0103rilor clocitoare din Rom\u00e2nia avem pentru Apus apus &#8211; Drepneaua neagr\u0103 (Mauersegler)(15). \u00cen Edi\u0163ia a IIa a aceleia\u015fi lucr\u0103ri avem aceea\u015fi denumire de &#8221;drepnea neagr\u0103&#8221; Apus apus (16). De unde denumirea de &#8221;drepnea&#8221;? &#8221;Drepnea&#8221; \u00ee\u015fi are originea din diminutivul &#8221;drepanella&#8221;: drep\u0103nea&lt; lat. &#8221;drepanella&#8221;, diminutiv al lat. &#8221;drepanis&#8221;. drepnea = pas\u0103re asem\u0103n\u0103toare cu r\u00eendunica, cu penele de culoare cafenie \u015fi g\u00eet alb (Cypselus apus), probabil din &#8222;drep\u0103nea\u2019\u2019 idem lat. &#8222;drepanella&#8221;, diminutiv al lui &#8222;drepanis&#8221; (drep\u0103nea&lt;drepanella&lt;drepanis) (17). Not\u0103: Conform studiilor etimologice (vezi mai jos), la origine cuv\u00e2ntul este de fapt grecesc, dar a fost preluat \u00een limba noastr\u0103 din latin\u0103: astfel &#8221;drepanis&#8221; \u2013 grc. \u03b4\u03c1\u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u1f77\u03c2, este nume dat p\u0103s\u0103rii dup\u0103 forma de secer\u0103 a aripilor sale, \u201epas\u0103rea-secer\u0103\u2019\u2019. *Mul\u021bumim Ulrich Tigges (commonswift.org) pentru informa\u021biile suplimentare: &#8222;Drepanis&#8221;, \u00een greac\u0103 \u03b4\u03c1\u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u1f77\u03c2 (secer\u0103, pas\u0103rea secer\u0103), este denumire folosit\u0103 pentru drepnele, o specie total diferit\u0103 de Hirundinidae, a\u015fa cum precizeaz\u0103 Vasile cel Mare \u00een Hexaemeron&nbsp; (&#8222;Omilia&nbsp; VIII, cpt. 2., Despre p\u0103s\u0103rile s\u0103lbatice&#8221;). De\u015fi este o specie aparte, confuzia cu r\u00e2ndunica \u015fi l\u0103stunul se men\u0163ine \u015fi ast\u0103zi, \u015fi ca nume \u015fi ca specie. Acest fenomen nu este izolat ci \u00eent\u00e2lnit aproape peste tot, numele drepnelei (negre) fiind la origine \u00een mai toate limbile din \u0163\u0103rile \u00een care cuib\u0103re\u015fte format prin compunerea cu subst. &#8221;r\u00e2ndunic\u0103&#8221; sau &#8221;l\u0103stun&#8221;. Denumirea de &#8221;drepnea&#8221; are o istorie aparte, cum este pas\u0103rea a\u015fa \u00eei este \u015fi numele. Dovezile lingvistice cu privire la originea acestui nume sunt un indiciu important \u00een a afirma c\u0103 aceast\u0103 specie cuib\u0103re\u015fte pe teritoriul nostru, \u00een a\u015fez\u0103ri umane, din timpuri str\u0103vechi. Dac\u0103 britanicii se m\u00e2ndresc cu drepneaua neagr\u0103 (common swift) care este prezent\u0103 \u00een a\u015fez\u0103rile umane din timpul romanilor, noi o putem situa mai departe \u00een istorie, \u00eenainte de colonizarea roman\u0103, cuib\u0103rind \u00een construc\u0163iile dacice \u00eenalte din piatr\u0103 \u015fi lemn. Studii etimologice ale cuv\u00e2ntului &#8222;drepnea&#8221; De regul\u0103, atunci c\u00e2nd vine vorba despre etimologia cuv\u00e2ntului &#8222;drepnea&#8221;, de\u015fi mai toate dic\u0163ionarele indic\u0103 originea latin\u0103 a cuv\u00e2ntului, uneori se precizeaz\u0103 c\u0103 la origine cuv\u00e2ntul este de fapt grecesc (ca vine de fapt din grecescul &#8222;drepanis&#8221;) cum ar fi lucrarea (18) conform c\u0103reia rom\u00e2nescul &#8222;drepnea&#8221;, mauerschwalbe este &#8221;drepanisul&#8221; grecesc. Astfel Al. Rosetti \u00een cele dou\u0103 edi\u0163ii ale lucr\u0103rii &#8222;Istoria limbii rom\u00e2ne de la origini p\u00e2n\u0103-n sec. XVII&#8221; (19), confirm\u0103 originea latin\u0103 a cuv\u00e2ntului drepnea: drepnea- s.f (Bucovina) grand martinet (zool): drepnanella &lt; drepanis &#8222;hirondelle de murailles, DE, 516 Forma rom\u00e2neasc\u0103 reproduce forma fonetic\u0103 a termenului latin, \u015fi nu e deci \u00eemprumutat\u0103 direct din grece\u015fte (Rohlfs, ASNS), aceea\u015fi defini\u0163ie este repetat\u0103 \u00een a doua edi\u0163ie a studiului (20). Colectivul Academiei rom\u00e2ne Al. Rosetti, I.Coteanu, Al.Graur, I.Iordan, M.Avram, D.Macrea \u00een studiul &#8222;Istoria limbii rom\u00e2ne&#8221; (21), enumer\u0103 cuv\u00e2ntul &#8222;drepnea&#8221; printre cuvintele de origine latin\u0103; astfel potrivit acestei lucr\u0103ri, indiferent dac\u0103 la origine cuv\u00e2ntul a fost grec (drepanis), odat\u0103 ce a fost preluat de limba noastr\u0103 din latin\u0103, este considerat cuv\u00e2nt de origine latin\u0103. Cuv\u00e2ntul &#8222;drepnea&#8221; face parte, de altfel, din categoria cuvintelor din latin\u0103 care s-au p\u0103strat numai \u00een limba rom\u00e2n\u0103. Aceast\u0103 concluzie este reluat\u0103 \u00een edi\u0163ia definitiv\u0103 a studiului lui Al. Rosetti &#8222;Istoria limbii rom\u00e2ne de la origini p\u00e2n\u0103 la \u00eenceputul sec. al XVII-lea&#8221; (22): &#8222;Vocabularul &#8211; Termeni p\u0103stra\u0163i numai \u00een lb rom\u00e2n\u0103. \u00cen aceast\u0103 enumerare nu au intrat termenii care figureaz\u0103 \u00een lb. rom\u00e2n\u0103 sub form\u0103 de derivate, pe c\u00e2nd celelalte limbi romanice au p\u0103strat forma lor originar\u0103 sau viceversa. drepnea &#8211; s.f (Bucovina), &#8222;grand martinet&#8221;. (zool) drepanella, din drepanis, &#8222;hirondelle de murailles&#8221;, din grc. drepanis-martinet. Forma rom\u00e2neasc\u0103 reproduce forma fonetic\u0103 a termenului latin, \u015fi nu e deci \u00eemprumutat\u0103 direct din grece\u015fte.&#8221; Bibliografie: J. Ch. Czihak -Istoria natural\u0103, \u00eent\u00e2ia oar\u0103 \u00een limba rom\u00e2niasc\u0103 compus\u0103 de doctorul mede\u0163inei \u015fi cavaler Czihak, E\u015f\u00eei , 1837, pg. 90; Simeon Fl. Marianu Membru al Academiei Rom\u00e2ne, &#8221;Ornitologia poporan\u0103 rom\u00e2n\u0103&#8221;, Tom I-II, Cern\u0103u\u0163i, Tipografia lui Eckhardt, 1883,Tom I, pg 70,71; Marian, Simion Fl. &#8221;Legende despre flori, insecte \u015fi p\u0103s\u0103ri&#8221;, Ed Transpres, Sibiu, 1996; Dombrowski, Ritter Robert von, Bulletin de la Societe des sciences de Bucharest-Roumanie, An XII, No 3 et 4, &#8222;Materialien zu einer ornis rumaniens&#8221;, Bucarest, Imprimerie de L&#8217;Etat, 1903,pg 319; Dombrowski, Ritter Robert von, &#8222;Ornis Romaniae&#8221;, Die Vogelwelt Rumanien&#8217;s Systematich und Biologish-Geographisch Beschrieben, Bukarest, Staatsdruckerei, 1912, pg 355; Ion P. Licherdopol &#8222;Despre Ornitologia rom\u00e2n\u0103&#8221;, Bucuresci, stabilimentul de Arte Grafice Albert Baer, 1903, pg 20; Ion P. Licherdopol &#8221; Despre Ornitologia rom\u00e2n\u0103&#8221;, Bucuresci, stabilimentul de Arte Grafice Albert Baer, 1903, pg 20; Ion P. Licherdopol, &#8222;Ornitologia rom\u00e2n\u0103&#8221;, Institutul de Arte Grafice &#8222;Carol Gobl&#8221;, Bucure\u015fti, 1906,pg 18; Biblioteca Enciclopedic\u0103 Robert Ritter von Dombrowski &#8222;Ornis Romaniae&#8221;, traducere din limba german\u0103, prelucrare \u015fi completare de prof. Dionisie Lin\u0163ia, Funda\u0163ia regal\u0103 pentru literatur\u0103 \u015fi art\u0103, vol I, II, Cu 19 schi\u0163e, 42 fotocopii \u015fi 27 plan\u015fe colorate, Bucure\u015fti 1946 (vol I), 1954 (vol II), pg. 5,7,8; Victor Ciochia \u015fi Aurel Negru\u0163iu, &#8222;Dinamica \u015fi migra\u0163ia popula\u0163iei de p\u0103s\u0103ri \u015fi de mamifere&#8221;, -\u00eendrum\u0103tor-, Ministerul Educa\u0163iei \u015fi \u00cenv\u0103\u0163\u0103m\u00e2ntului, Univ. Bra\u015fov, Facultatea de Silvicultur\u0103 \u015fi Exploat\u0103ri forestiere, vol I, 1976, pg 14, 17,118,119; Dimitrie Radu &#8222;P\u0103s\u0103rile lumii&#8221;, Ed Albatros, Bucure\u015fti, 1977, pg 96, 97, 123; Dimitrie Radu &#8222;P\u0103s\u0103rile din Delta Dun\u0103rii&#8221;, Ed Academiei RSR, Bucure\u015fti, 1979, pg 13, 40, 73, 74, 75, 77, 95, 114, 148, 149; Dimitrie Radu &#8222;Mic atlas ornitologic&#8221;, Ed. Albatros 1983, pg 164, 165; D. Radu &#8222;P\u0103s\u0103rile din peisajele Rom\u00e2niei&#8221;, Ed Sport-Turism, Bucure\u015fti, 1984, pg 51, 349; Victor Ciochia, &#8222;Dinamica \u015fi migra\u0163ia p\u0103s\u0103rilor&#8221;, Ed. \u015etiin\u0163ific\u0103 \u015fi Enciclopedic\u0103, Bucure\u015fti, 1984, pg 21, 22, 25, 26, 65, 191, 192, 193; &#8222;Atlasul provizoriu al p\u0103s\u0103rilor clocitoare din Rom\u00e2nia&#8221;, Publicatie S.O.R, coord. Dan Munteanu, Peter Weber, Aurel Papadopol, 1994 (edi\u0163ie bilingv\u0103 rom\u00e2n\u0103-german\u0103), pg 81; Atlasul p\u0103s\u0103rilor clocitoare din Rom\u00e2nia, Edi\u0163ia a IIa, coord. Dan Munteanu, colaborare cu Aurel Papadopol \u015fi Peter Weber, Cluj-Napoca, 2002, Publica\u0163ie S.O.R, pg. 70; DEX, Ed. Academiei R.S.R, Bucuresti, 1975, pg. 281; 1 Romanichen etymologisches worterbuch, con Meyer-Lubcke, Heideberg 1935, pg.248; Al. Rosetti, Istoria limbii rom\u00e2ne de la origini p\u00e2n\u0103- sec XVII, Ed. pentru Literatur\u0103, 1968; acela\u015fi autor, Istoria limbii rom\u00e2ne de la origini p\u00e2n\u0103- sec XVII, Ed. \u015etiin\u0163ific\u0103 \u015fi Enciclopedic\u0103, Buc., 1978, pg 191; Istoria limbii rom\u00e2ne, Academia R.S.R, vol II, Al. Rosetti, I. Coteanu, Al. Graur, I. Iordan, M. Avram, D. Macrea, Ed. Academiei R.S.R, Bucure\u015fti, 1969 pg. 117, 118, 122, 151; Al. Rosetti &#8222;Istoria limbii rom\u00e2ne de la origini p\u00e2n\u0103 la \u00eenceputul sec. al XVII-lea&#8221;, Edi\u0163ia definitiv\u0103, Ed. \u015etiin\u0163ific\u0103 \u015fi Enciclopedic\u0103, Bucure\u015fti, 1986, pg 171.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":80,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-82","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Istoric denumire drepnea - Initiativa &quot;Drepneaua Neagra&quot; Romania<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Denumiri folosite \u00een literatura de specialitate de-a lungul timpului: cipsel, dr\u0103pnea, l\u0103stun, l\u0103stun negru, l\u0103stun mare, drepnea.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/drepneauaneagra.ro\/?page_id=82\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Istoric denumire drepnea - Initiativa &quot;Drepneaua Neagra&quot; 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